ANALISIS KONDISI KESEHATAN GIGI PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PUNDONG KABUPATEN BANTUL
Kata Kunci:
Balita, Kesehatan gigi, KariesAbstrak
Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang paling umum pada balita, dengan prevalensi tinggi di berbagai wilayah, termasuk Indonesia. Faktor risiko utama yang berkontribusi terhadap karies pada balita meliputi pola makan tidak sehat, kebiasaan kebersihan mulut yang buruk, serta kurangnya pengetahuan orang tua mengenai perawatan gigi anak. Masalah ini dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup dan kesehatan umum balita secara signifikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari balita berusia 0-5 tahun yang berkunjung ke Posyandu dan Puskesmas Pundong selama periode Agustus 2023 hingga Agustus 2024. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan klinis untuk kejadian karies, kebersihan gigi, serta wawancara dengan orang tua mengenai faktor risiko seperti pola makan, kebiasaan menyikat gigi, dan penggunaan fluoride. Analisis statistik deskriptif dan korelasi digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara faktor risiko dan kondisi kesehatan gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 51% balita mengalami karies gigi, dengan kebersihan mulut yang buruk pada 29% balita. Sebanyak 44% balita berada pada risiko tinggi mengalami gigi berlubang. Ditemukan korelasi positif antara usia dan jumlah gigi karies, serta hubungan antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang tidak memadai dan tingginya angka karies. Faktor risiko utama yang berkontribusi terhadap karies adalah konsumsi gula yang tinggi dan kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang jarang. Prevalensi karies gigi pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Pundong sangat tinggi, dengan faktor risiko yang dipengaruhi oleh pola makan, kebersihan mulut, dan pengetahuan orang tua. Intervensi pencegahan dini melalui edukasi orang tua, kunjungan rutin ke dokter gigi, penggunaan fluoride, serta perubahan pola makan diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko karies gigi pada balita. Pendekatan kolaboratif antara tenaga kesehatan dan orang tua penting untuk meningkatkan kesehatan gigi balita secara menyeluruh.
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