Nutritional Status and Dietary Patterns as Determinants of Infertility Among Reproductive-Age Couples: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64730/jrdbantul.v26i2.163Kata Kunci:
infertility, nutritional status, dietary patternAbstrak
Infertilitas merupakan masalah kesehatan reproduksi multifaktorial yang memengaruhi semakin banyak pasangan di seluruh dunia. Status gizi dan pola makan semakin diakui sebagai faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi yang berpengaruh terhadap fertilitas, namun dampaknya masih belum banyak diteliti, terutama di berbagai wilayah dengan sumber daya terbatas, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara status gizi dan pola makan dengan kejadian infertilitas pada pasangan usia reproduksi di Bantul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik potong lintang (cross-sectional) yang melibatkan 204 partisipan (102 pasangan infertil dan 102 pasangan fertil) yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), sedangkan pola makan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan yang telah tervalidasi. Analisis statistik meliputi uji chi-square dan regresi logistik multivariat untuk mengevaluasi hubungan serta menghitung odds ratio (OR) yang telah disesuaikan dengan interval kepercayaan 95% (CI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa individu dengan status gizi kurus maupun kelebihan berat badan/obesitas memiliki peluang infertilitas yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan individu dengan IMT normal (OR = 2,00 dan 1,98; p < 0,05). Partisipan dengan pola makan yang tidak adekuat memiliki kemungkinan 3,29 kali lebih besar mengalami infertilitas (p < 0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa status gizi dan pola makan merupakan prediktor independen terhadap infertilitas. Ketidakseimbangan status gizi dan kebiasaan makan yang kurang baik berhubungan kuat dengan kejadian infertilitas. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi penilaian status gizi dan konseling nutrisi dalam pelayanan fertilitas untuk meningkatkan luaran reproduksi. Penelitian intervensi lebih lanjut direkomendasikan untuk menetapkan hubungan kausal dan mendukung praktik klinis.
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